Alterações hormonais, antropométricas e bioquímicas em obesas submetidas ao protocolo de musculação: proposta profilática para promoção de saúde

Abstract

Obesity can currently be defined in a simplified way. That is an illness characterised by excessive storage of fat, as a consequence of positive energetic balance. Thus, it causes health issues with significant losses in both quality of life and life expectancy of obese individuals. Endocrine-metabolic, biochemical and anthropometric alterations are ordinarily observed in obese women. Therefore, evidence allows us to affirm that excessive weight plays an important role in relation to the appearance of degenerative diseases, which are increasingly detected in women. Physical exercise causes alteration in the rhythms or levels of secretions of certain hormones, such as Growth Hormone (GH), Triiodothyronine (T3), and insulin, and they, in turn, are directly involved in controlling and treating obesity. As a result, resistance exercise protocols and weight training exercise have shown effective results in obese individuals not only with the increase of bone mass, strength and muscle mass, but also in the loss of fat mass. Thus, the aim of this research was to study the effects of a strength training protocol on obese women's hormonal, biochemical and anthropometric variables and their impact on these individuals' health promotion. Consequently, seventeen obese women from 24 to 56 years of age submitted themselves to the resistance muscular training oriented protocol in the percentage of 15RM, performed in circuit form, for eight weeks in three weekly sessions lasting 50 minutes each. Additionally, pre- and post-applications of training were carried out on the selected women, as well as anthropometric, hormonal, and biochemical evaluations. After having applied a Wilcoxon test between pre- and postoperations, results showed the efficiency of the training protocol in reducing TG values, and in significantly improving (p<0,01) the levels of this biochemical variable on the investigated group. With reference to T3, the results after applying the protocol also showed a statistically different reduction (p<0,05) regarding the values of this hormone, which can be explained by negative regulation of their blood conventractions, regarding an improvement of its performance and significant raising of its metabolic rate. When it comes down to the other investigated variables (GH, insulin, IMC and RCQ), the protocol did not show any significant alterations. It was concluded that the regular practice of the physical training protocol can contribute to reducing TG rates on obese adult women, which can produce favourable metabolic alterations observed by variation of tri-iodine tironia blood centralisation, even if anthropometric alterations are not noticed. This result is an important indicative of promotion of these individuals' health