Formação em promoção de saúde: motivações, dificuldades e recompensas

Abstract

The National Postgraduate System in Brazil had a 25% increase in the number of programs between 2013 and 2017, going from 3,337 to 4,175. With this growth, the interest in understanding this high-level formation and what the impact on the life of the subjects who are willing to attend postgraduate programs, which is characterized by a long, arduous, abdicating trajectory, preparation. The objective of the present study was to identify the motivations, difficulties and rewards of the graduates on the experience of training in the masters and doctorate in Health Promotion of the University of Franca. It was an exploratorydescriptive study with a quantitative approach, using as data collection instruments, two selfapplicable questionnaires, sent by e-mail through the Avalio platform, together with the TCLE. The project was approved by CEPE-UNIFRAN under CAAE: 69891517.7.0000.5495 and the final report was approved under opinion No. 2,452,619. The questionnaires were sent to 103 graduate graduates between June 2011 and May 2017, and to 23 Ph.D. graduates between 2014 and May 2017. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed and the results were expressed in graphs. Of the 103 questionnaires sent to the masters, 68 (66%) were answered and of the 23 sent to the doctors, 18 (78.3%) were answered. The profile of the egress of the master's degree is composed of 64.7% women and 35.3% men, being 26.4% Nursing professionals, 22% Physical Education, 21% Physiotherapy, 8.8% Psychology, 4.4% Biology , 4.4% Medicine, 3% Pharmacy, 3% Dentistry and 1.4% in other professions. The profile of the doctoral degree consists of 72.2% women and 22.2% men, 33% of Physiotherapy professionals, 16.6% Nursing, 11% Physical Education, 11% Pharmacy, 5,5% Nutrition, 5 , 5% Biology, 5.5% Dentistry, 5.5% Psychology. The mean age at admission to the master's degree was 32.1 years, and the doctor's degree was 37.6 years. The average time between graduation and beginning of the master's degree was 8.5 years and the end of the master's degree and beginning of the doctor's degree was 5.1 years. They completed the master's degree, on average, in 26.7 months, and the doctorate in 37 months. The place of residence of 58.9% of the masters and 50% referred doctors was the interior of Minas Gerais, 41.1% of the masters and 38.9% of doctors in the interior of SP, to a lesser extent, 11.1% Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. The average distance between the place of residence and the municipality of Franca of the graduates of the master's degree was of 258km and of the graduates of the doctorate, was of 353 km. The choice for an interdisciplinary course occurred due to the scope of the area of action and expanded vision of health. Upon entering the course, 35.6% of the teachers worked more than 40 hours a week, and 46.7% of the doctors worked between 30 and 40 hours a week, teaching at a Higher Education Institution (HEI), predominantly private. Most of the graduates of the masters program (60.3%) and doctoral students (38.8%) stated that they did not take part in research, prior to joining the course but in the orientation of the Course Conclusion Work. The most frequently declared foreign language was English. Regarding the selection criteria for admission to the course, the graduates concluded that they were adequate, fair and efficient. They said that the greatest motivation to attend a master's degree was personal satisfaction and the motivation for the doctorate was personal fulfillment and the expansion of knowledge to act as a teacher and researcher. The graduates of the master's degree mentioned as a greater difficulty the renunciation of the family moments and the graduates of the doctorate, with the conciliation with personal and professional life. The greatest reward obtained with the completion of the course was personal and professional maturation. They declared to work in Health Promotion before the course and the titration contributed with a percentage of increase in the salary less than 30% for the doctors and in the range between 30 and 60% for the masters. The subjects themselves chose the topic of the dissertation and the thesis. The majority (60.3%) of the graduates of the master's degree did not publish the dissertation as a complete article in a periodical. The doctoral graduates reported having published articles referring to the thesis in journals with qualis B1 and B3. In relation to the fields of action of Health Promotion, the most frequent research themes were related to the proposal "reorientation of health services". For teachers and doctors, the expectations were partially and fully reached at the end of the course, respectively, and the same is very important in the exercise of their current professional life, being in the teaching that use the learning acquired in the course. The main source of financial assistance for the course was CAPES. Regarding the continuity of training, 20% of the masters followed the training at the doctoral level, the other 80% reported not having joined the doctorate due to the unavailability of time. The results of this study made possible an evaluation of the students about their training in the master's and doctoral courses of the University of Franca, with the signaling of their fragilities and strengths, and allowed to increase the knowledge of the academic management instances on the training processes, establishing a "baseline" to follow the trajectory of their graduates.